The department of natural sciences was established in 1964 as a distinct department of the Museum of Brăila. In 1986 the department and the themes of the permanent exhibition were reorganized. In 1996 the department was refurbished again. The new structure included a temporary exhibitions hall, a conservation-taxidermy laboratory, an aquaria hall. The permanent exhibition is structured according to the ecosystems in the Brăila county. The museum holds botanical collections (local inferior and superior plants), malacology (exotic and local mollusks), insects (exotic and local), vertebrates (local birds and mammals).